The video explores the progress and potential of technologies like fusion and fission in transforming our energy landscape by 2050. It also delves into AI’s contribution to humanity’s development; elevating living standards and decreasing dependence on carbon. The discussion highlights the role of engineers and regulatory processes in making these technological advancements accessible and affordable, emphasizing the possible non-carbon reliant future we could achieve.

Another focal point is the remarkable progress in quality of life driven by technology over the past centuries. The conversation touches on the continuous quest for development and the significant role of technology in overcoming past challenges, making previously dangerous conditions manageable. The speaker shares personal anecdotes about using AI to enhance historical technology understanding during travels, highlighting technology’s longstanding impact.

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Key Vocabularies and Common Phrases:

1. torrential [təˈrɛnʃəl] - (adjective) - An adjective describing something as intense or overwhelming. - Synonyms: (overwhelming, intense, severe)

There's also many engineering activities also in torrential to address that.

2. decarbonized [diːkɑːɹˈboʊnʌɪzd] - (adjective) - Describing a process or technology that removes or significantly reduces carbon emissions. - Synonyms: (carbon-free, carbon-neutral, emission-free)

So if that plays out in the way you just described, that by 2050 we'll be able to have decarbonized free energy and the evolution of what AI will allow us, we'll actually, we'll be living an unprecedented growth trajectory of our world

3. unprecedented [ʌnˈprɛsɪdəntɪd] - (adjective) - Never done or known before; without previous example. - Synonyms: (unmatched, unparalleled, extraordinary)

We'll actually, we'll be living an unprecedented growth trajectory of our world.

4. trajectory [trəˈdʒɛktəri] - (noun) - The path followed by a projectile or moving object; often used to describe expected developments. - Synonyms: (path, course, route)

We'll actually, we'll be living an unprecedented growth trajectory of our world.

5. alignment [əˈlaɪnmənt] - (noun) - An arrangement in a straight line or in correct relative positions; in agreement or cooperation with a group or system. - Synonyms: (harmony, concurrence, arrangement)

In some ways, you create more alignment, where what you really want is what is good for business is also good for people.

6. miracles [ˈmɪrəkəlz] - (noun) - Surprising and welcome events that are not explicable by natural or scientific laws and are therefore considered to be the work of a divine agency. - Synonyms: (wonders, marvels, phenomena)

I think the miracles that capitalism has produced, again, that doesn't mean we don't really need to improve it.

7. disparities [dɪˈspærɪtiz] - (noun) - A lack of equality or similarity, especially in a way that is not fair. - Synonyms: (inequalities, discrepancies, variances)

And it also has created disparities.

8. updraft [ˈʌpdɹæft] - (noun) - An upward current or draft of air. - Synonyms: (current, uplift, rise)

Doesn't own stocks, does not have exposure to this very long term updraft.

9. profoundly [prəˈfaʊndlɪ] - (adverb) - To a great depth; extremely. - Synonyms: (deeply, intensely, greatly)

And we profoundly believe that.

10. institution [ˌɪnstɪˈtjuːʃən] - (noun) - A society or organization founded for a religious, educational, social, or similar purpose. - Synonyms: (organization, foundation, establishment)

You can't talk about the history of technology without talking about the structures and the institutions societies put in place to enable it to happen.

Technology's Role In Shaping Our Future and Society

And if we look at it concretely on the energy front, and we've discussed about this many times on the merits of fusion fission, where are we, in your view, in terms of timelines to this actually being real? There's a lot of engineers in the room, and there's also many engineering activities also in torrential to address that. I think in the next couple of years, we will see incredibly promising demos of next generation, fission and fusion. And it'll take a while to get through the regulatory process and get the bugs out of the systems and importantly, to get them very cheap. But I believe this is a big part of our future.

So by 2050, by 2050, I hope we're not burning much carbon in the world anymore. It's a big commitment. So if that plays out in the way you just described, that by 2050 we'll be able to have decarbonized free energy and the evolution of what AI will allow us, we'll actually, we'll be living an unprecedented growth trajectory of our world. Yeah. To be clear, I think we already are. Like, think about what life is like today relative to 200 years ago, what we're capable of doing, how things that would have routinely killed us, you know, a mild infection. We have developed the technology to, you know, make almost a non event. You just sort of don't think about a lot of things that you people used to think about.

So I think we're already in an age of quite significant wonder, but it's sort of part of the human experience, you know, the human spirit, to always want more, want better, want to say, okay, what's next? What are the next ten and 20 years are going to be like? And I hope we make even more progress to better, a better world in the next 20 years than we did in the last 200. But this is fundamentally not a new thing, like technology has been delivering on this for actually.

So to an american, 200 years sounds like a long time. One of the things I love is the history of technology. And a special thing to me about Italy. I'm like a big nerd. If I can go to a city and there's something about the history of technology to go look at, I would prefer that to anything else. Did you ask Chad GPT about personalizing you a series of what happened and what was invented in Turin? I didn't, but I will right after this. But I did do that in Venice earlier this year.

I was there with our mutual friend Diane von Furstenberg, and she loves Venice, as you know, and she was, we were like walking around and she was telling me things. And I had, you know, studied a lot about just sort of some of the amazing technological and sort of really societal inventions that happened in Venice, and she was telling me about them. And then she got tired of it, wanted to do something else. And so I used Chad GBT as like a tech history tour guide of Venice. And it was really good. Really, really good. I've done the same thing in Rome, too, where it's just like, amazing to see what's there. But, but this is not a new trend. This idea that technology, that we invent technology and it improves our quality of life in our society.

If you define technology as doing more with less, or being able to do things you just couldn't do at all before making new tools for people to use. This has been going on for a very long time. In some ways, what we've also been observing is that there are other factors that ultimately stop this progress. And in some ways, what we have witnessed is that capitalism and the freedom that it has created has allowed a lot of development, but it also has created disparities.

And we spoke a lot about how in some ways, you create more alignment, where what you really want is what is good for business is also good for people. And we profoundly believe that. And there are different mechanisms in which you actually are able to try and find more alignment. So within our companies, we've always tried to see in which ways we can have a much broader base of our employees that are aligned with ultimately what the company is doing and the value of the company, because more everyone participates in what the development is, the more everyone is willing to be part of it.

And in some ways, one looks at the angle of a consumer saying what is going to be produced is more and cheaper, but it doesn't necessarily mean that that will be redistributed in the best possible way. And I know you've been thinking a lot about that, and we've discussed it a lot. What is your current thinking around these themes? I'm going to butcher this quote, and I don't remember who said it, but it's something like, capitalism is the worst economic system the world has ever seen, except for all of the other ones. And I think it is our duty to continue to figure out how to improve it.

But we shouldn't discount the good parts, and we shouldn't, you know, we should not take for granted, I think, the miracles that capitalism has produced, again, that doesn't mean we don't really need to improve it. It doesn't mean it's not broken in significant ways. You actually touched on the thing that I think is most important, which is, at least in the us, where I'm most familiar with it, a shocking percentage of the country doesn't participate in capitalism, doesn't own stocks, does not have exposure to this very long term updraft. There's a lot of other things I think we should change about it, too.

But we were talking about the history of technology earlier. As a kid, I studied the industrial revolution, and I thought, oh, there was this invention that was most important, or this one, or that one. And I really had this, like, nerdy tech kid view of it. And then as an adult, I at one point picked up a book and read about it again. And it was all the stories I remembered and everything I knew. But I had changed, and I had a different perspective, which is in some important sense, the joint stock company was the single most important invention of the industrial revolution.

The ability to coordinate the efforts of a lot of people. The capital it takes to get something invented and bring it to market. That was kind of what let us go from these very small, family centric businesses to the kinds of inventions that brought us this building and eventually that tv and these microphones and all of the wonderful things you all are building. And that was a really important change.

So I think you can't talk about the history of technology without talking about the structures and the institutions societies put in place to enable it to happen. They're equally important. They both have to happen. And so, like, let's evolve the system. I've, as you mentioned, been passionate about that for a long time. We've done a whole bunch of experiments. There's a whole bunch more things we can do. We've innovated on the OpenAI structure. We've done things like fund universal basic income studies. But let's not lose this magical engine. We've had.

Technology, Future, Innovation, OpenAI, Economic Systems, Energy Advances